ArticleBMJ open2025
Using structural equation modelling to explore the relationship between insomnia, anxiety and depression to the severity of BPS/IC: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesDespite the high prevalence of insomnia, anxiety and depression in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), their clinical impact is often overlooked. To address this gap, our study systematically investigated whether these three comorbidities impact BPS/IC severity. DESIGN, SETTING AND
participantsThis cross-sectional study included 237 patients with BPS/IC recruited via convenience sampling from Shapingba Hospital affiliated to Chongqing University (Shapingba District People's Hospital of Chongqing) and Chongqing Liangjiang Minsheng Hospital in Chongqing, China, between 24 August 2023 and 21 November 2023. OUTCOME MEASURES: Apart from demographic characteristics, BPS severity was assessed using the O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis questionnaire, insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale and anxiety and depression were assessed using Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale, respectively. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyse the role of insomnia, anxiety and depression on the severity of BPS/IC.
resultsThe proportion of severe disease, insomnia, anxiety and depression in participants was 49.37%, 70.89%, 43.88% and 47.26%, respectively. The analysis of SEM indicated that insomnia (
conclusionsOur findings indicate that insomnia is associated with BPS/IC severity both directly and indirectly through anxiety in patients with BPS/IC. These results further support the use of psychological and sleep interventions for BPS/IC.
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