Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41407368›Full record

ArticleExperimental animals2026

Exposure to xylene early in life induces memory abnormalities of adult male mice.

Hirokatsu Saito, Kousuke Suga, Koji Fujihara, Motoh Mutsuga, Satoshi Yokota, Takuya Nishimura, Satoshi Kitajima

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental animals, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hirokatsu SaitoDivision of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Kousuke SugaDivision of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Koji FujiharaDivision of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Motoh MutsugaDivision of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Satoshi YokotaDivision of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Takuya NishimuraDivision of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
Satoshi KitajimaDivision of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Xylene, an aromatic hydrocarbon, is widely used as a solvent in industries, such as printing and rubber and leather manufacturing. Despite the significant industrial benefits of xylene, there are increasing concerns about its environmental and health impacts. However, the effects of early exposure to xylene on the central nervous system are poorly understood. Here, using novel and unique approach, we investigated the neurobehavioral effects of xylene using postnatal lactation C57BL/6N male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to 0 (control) or 2 different doses (2 or 20 ppm) of xylene for 7 consecutive days at 22 h/d. The concentrations of xylene used corresponded respectively to 40 and 400 times the indoor air quality standard in Japan. We examined the effects of xylene on the murine central nervous system using a battery of behavioral tests, comprising the open field test, light-dark transition test, and contextual-cued fear conditioning test at 12 weeks of age. We found that mice exposed to xylene (2 and 20 ppm) presented reduced spatial-associative or tone-cued associative memory in the contextual-cued fear conditioning test. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in doublecortin positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the xylene exposure group compared with the control group. We confirmed that xylene exposure during postnatal lactation affects the formation of the neural circuit base and behavior in adulthood, suggesting that it is detrimental to postnatal brain development.

Indexed as

MemoryMemory DisordersSolventsXylenesAnimalsBehavior, AnimalDoublecortin ProteinFemaleLactationMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLDoublecortin ProteinSolventsXylenescentral nervous systemdevelopmental neurotoxicityinhalation exposureneurobehavioral effectxylene

Identifiers

PMID41407368
PMCPMC13100703

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.