Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41406942›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2025

Systemic and mucosal immune signatures of protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission in humans.

Amaya Rojo-Fernandez, Sadaf Aslam, Fahmida Alam, Alba Escalera, Vicente Villamandos, Beatriz Catón, Gregoria Megías, Angel Gonzalez, Luis Buzón-Martín, Juan Ayllon and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Early Fc-effector antibody signatures impact COVID-19 disease trajectory.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Amaya Rojo-FernandezDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Sadaf AslamDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Fahmida AlamDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Alba EscaleraDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Vicente VillamandosHospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain.
Beatriz CatónHospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain.
Gregoria MegíasHospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain.
Angel GonzalezGerencia de Atención Primaria de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain.
Luis Buzón-MartínHospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain.
Juan AyllonDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Adolfo García-SastreDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Teresa AydilloDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: teresa.aydillo-gomez@mssm.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Binding and neutralizing antibodies against the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. However, precise immune protection thresholds remain unclear. We aim to define systemic and mucosal antibody correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our household COVID-19 cohort (the CIDS) consists of 52 families (52 index cases and 139 exposed contacts). Immunoglobulin subtyping against S of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 in the serum and upper respiratory tract is quantified to assess the protection provided by virus-specific pre-existing immunity. Logistic regression analyses indicate that multiple antibody isotypes are associated with reduced infection risk. Specifically, multivariable models show that systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG and anti-OC43 S2 IgM independently correlate with protection. Besides, local mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG and HCoV-OC43 S IgA antibodies add protective potential. However, an integrated analysis reveals that systemic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 remain the best predictor against virus infection.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19Immunity, MucosalSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedAntibodies, NeutralizingCohort StudiesCoronavirus OC43, HumanFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MMaleMiddle AgedAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2antibodiescorrelates of protectionCOVID-19cross-reactivityhousehold studynasal antibodiesSARS-CoV-2seasonal coronavirusestransmission

Identifiers

PMID41406942
PMCPMC12765841

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.