ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Toward Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recycling and Reuse Strategies for Spent Graphite Anodes.
Review in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Toward Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recycling and Reuse Strategies for Spent Graphite Anodes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has intensified the need for sustainable graphite recycling and reuse. Spent graphite anodes, accounting for a significant portion of battery waste, suffer from structural degradation, surface contamination, and the formation of complex impurities, posing challenges for direct reuse. This review introduces the general degradation origins of spent graphite anodes and focuses on recycling, regeneration, and modification strategies, including hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches. The emerging technique of Flash Joule heating (FJH) is also discussed. Regenerated graphite generally fails to meet the desired electrochemical performance and therefore needs further modification. Strategies including surface engineering, structural regulation, and hybridization with other materials have been widely explored, leading to improved structural stability, fast-charging capability, and even higher energy density. Finally, the key challenges hindering large-scale application are identified. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into sustainable graphite recycling and reuse, promoting the development of high-performance and environmentally responsible LIBs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.