ArticleCanadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada2026
Contemporary outcomes and disease burden of high-grade T1 bladder cancer.
Article in Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionHigh-grade T1 (HGT1) bladder cancer is considered to have high five-year recurrence and progression rates, at 50-70% and 25-50%, respectively; however, contemporary data are lacking. We examined the contemporary outcomes of HGT1 bladder cancer to inform patient counseling, management, and clinical trial design.
methodsWe identified patients aged ≥18 years with a new diagnosis of HGT1 bladder cancer between 2010 and 2022 treated at our institution. Recurrence-free (RFS), progression-free (PFS), and cancer-specific (CSS) survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations of baseline characteristics with outcomes were evaluated using Cox regression.
resultsA total of 213 patients were included, representing 337 cancer occurrences. Median age at diagnosis was 72 (interquartile range [IQR] 65-80) years. Median followup for RFS, PFS, and CSS were 13, 20, and 36 months, respectively. The one-, three-, and five-year event-free rates were, respectively, 65%, 51%, and 48% for RFS; 85%, 78%, and 72% for PFS; and 99%, 95%, and 95% for CSS. There was a median of one (IQR 1-2) recurrence per patient, with a median time to first recurrence of seven months (IQR 4-14) and a median time between recurrences of seven months (IQR 5-18). Larger tumor size was associated with increased risks of recurrence. Receipt of adjuvant intravesical therapy was associated with reduced risks of recurrence and progression.
conclusionsContemporary five-year recurrence and progression rates for HGT1 bladder cancer remain high at 53% and 28%, respectively. The disease burden is substantial, with a median time between recurrences of seven months. These results can inform patient counseling, management, and clinical trial design.
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