Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41405452›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Early Detection of Cell Death Using Transmembrane Water Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Athanasia Kaika, Luca Nagel, Ulrike Höckendorf, Bangwen Xie, Geoffrey J Topping, Mathias Schillmaier, Irina Beer, Frits H A van Heijster, Julian Rauch, Tristan A Kuder and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Localization-driven exchange contrast in diffusion exchange spectroscopy.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Athanasia KaikaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Luca NagelDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Ulrike HöckendorfDepartment of Internal Medicine III, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Bangwen XieCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 2RE, Cambridge, UK.
Geoffrey J ToppingDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Mathias SchillmaierDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Irina BeerChair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Water Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences (NAT, Dep. Chemistry), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Frits H A van HeijsterDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Julian RauchDivision of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Tristan A KuderDivision of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sandra SühnelDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Bernd ErberDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Christian LohrmannDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Simone BallkeComparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Thomas MetzlerComparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Katja SteigerComparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Philipp J JostDepartment of Internal Medicine III, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Natalia P IvlevaChair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Water Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences (NAT, Dep. Chemistry), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Philipp PaprottkaDepartment of Interventional Radiology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Jonathan NadjiriDepartment of Interventional Radiology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Kevin M BrindleCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 2RE, Cambridge, UK.
Wolfgang A WeberDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Franz SchillingDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-4628

Funding

Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories C197/A17242Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories C197/A29580Cancer Research UK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories C9685/A25177CRUK-EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester A16465Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 391523415Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell death plays a key role in cancer progression and treatment. After its onset, cell membrane integrity is often compromised. Here, it is shown in cells, animals and humans that the transmembrane water exchange rate, measured using magnetic resonance filter-exchange spectroscopy (FEXSY) or imaging (FEXI), and quantified by the apparent exchange rate (AXR), is an early biomarker of cell death. AXR measurements detect the onset of cell death in vivo earlier than diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and in vitro with similar sensitivity as flow cytometry.

Indexed as

Cell DeathMagnetic Resonance ImagingWaterAnimalsFemaleHumansMiceWatercell deathdiffusionMRItransmembrane water exchange

Identifiers

PMID41405452
PMCPMC13104136

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.