Trial reportThe Journal of dermatology2026
Safety Evaluation of Fine Bubble Shower Washing for Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Prospective Crossover Clinical Trial.
Trial report in The Journal of dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) involves chronic eczema resulting from barrier dysfunction. Fine bubble (FB) technology generates microbubbles (< 100 μm) and ultrafine bubbles (< 1 μm) for surfactant-sparing cleansing. We assessed the short-term safety of an FB shower in AD. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, adults with mild AD completed two 2-week periods separated by a 2-week washout in sequence. Bathing instructions and petrolatum moisturizer use were standardized and enforced. The Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) was scored using whole-body photographs by a blinded team. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration were measured on Days 0, 14, and 28. Because baselines were unavailable for the second 2-week period, the primary analysis compared Day 0-14 changes between groups using baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance; Day 0-28 changes were also explored. The primary outcomes were EASI changes; TEWL and hydration were the secondary outcomes. Groups used a conventional shower (control) first and then FB shower second or vice versa (once each). Twenty-three participants were analyzed (mean age 40.9 ± 8 years; 83% male). Day 0-14 EASI changes did not differ between FB and control (0.62 ± 2.21 vs. 0.05 ± 0.68; F = 0.93, p = 0.35). EASI changes to Day 28 were nonsignificant (0.02 ± 1.65 vs. -0.03 ± 1.02; p = 0.90). TEWL changes for Days 0-14 (0.31 ± 4.75 vs. 1.09 ± 6.21 g/m
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