Evidence for a functional interaction between yeast Pol ε and PCNA in vivo.

DNA replication relies on precise coordination between proteins, including the sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which encircles DNA to interact with key players in replication and repair. While biochemical studies have demonstrated interactions between PCNA and DNA polymerases δ and ε during DNA synthesis, the functional role of the Pol ε-PCNA interaction in vivo, particularly during leading strand synthesis, remains to be elucidated. To address this question, we employed AlphaFold to model how PCNA interact with four-subunit yeast Pol ε. Our models revealed two distinct points of interaction between Pol ε and PCNA: one at the P-domain and another at a PIP-box, a classical PCNA interaction motif. To validate these findings, we generated mutants that disrupted the Pol ε-PCNA interaction interface. Biochemical assays demonstrated that the PIP-box is critical for this interaction, with the P-domain serving as a secondary contact point. Notably, introducing these mutants into yeast, caused no phenotype in a wild-type background. However, when fewer origins are firing, resulting in longer stretches of leading strand synthesis before forks converge, strains expressing a Pol ε mutant lacking interaction with PCNA showed slower growth. These findings suggest that PCNA enhances the processivity of Pol ε both in vitro and in vivo.