SynthesisFrontiers in neurology2025
Non-invasive brain stimulation for the improvement of lower extremity motor function in patients with stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for lower limb motor impairment in post-stroke hemiplegia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Deep and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves motor dysfunction after basal ganglia infarction: preliminary findings on efficacy and electrophysiological mechanisms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To explore and compare the effectiveness of various non-invasive brain stimulations (NiBS) on poststroke lower extremity disorders. Methods: We searched for and gathered studies from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, with the most recent search carried out on 5 October 2024. All published studies meeting the eligibility criteria and investigating the effectiveness of NiBS in patients with poststroke lower limb disorders were included. A total of 29 studies involving 1,319 participants were reviewed. Two independent researchers extracted clinical characteristics and research data. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity scale, Barthel index, Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed up and go test. Standard pairwise meta-analysis results and treatment network geometry were generated using Stata MP version 15.0. Bayesian network analysis was conducted using R version 4.4.1 with the "BUGSnet" package. Conclusion: The meta-analysis shows that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) and rTMS + transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are effective neurostimulation therapies for enhancing poststroke lower limb motor function. Probability rankings indicate that, among all NiBS interventions examined, rTMS + tDCS may be the most effective. In terms of body balance, intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and LF-rTMS improved poststroke balance, with iTBS possibly being the most effective. For activities of daily living, iTBS, LF-rTMS, and rTMS + tDCS demonstrated beneficial effects, with LF-rTMS potentially being the most effective among them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.