Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41404215›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

The Biopsychosocial Model in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.

Yahia Khalil, Layan Abu-Khalaf, Raya Abu-Khalaf, Sandra Abu-Khalaf, Karrar Al-Balootti

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yahia KhalilInternal Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight NHS Trust, Newport, GBR.
Layan Abu-KhalafGeriatric Medicine, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, GBR.
Raya Abu-KhalafMedicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, IRL.
Sandra Abu-KhalafInternal Medicine, Jordan Hospital, Amman, JOR.
Karrar Al-BaloottiNeurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. More than hundreds of millions of individuals are affected due to its rise at an alarming rate. Its prevalence is influenced by multiple factors, including socioeconomic status, biological and environmental factors. These factors interact in complex ways to determine the progression of the disease, its onset and outcomes in the long run. Socioeconomic status, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, in addition to gender differences, plays a significant role in disease burden. Nonetheless, behavioural patterns, such as poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle, impair glycaemic control. The chronic nature of T2DM causes a major psychological burden as it is also a leading cause of anxiety and depression, which negatively affects the patients' ability to control their disease. The biopsychosocial model provides a holistic framework that addresses these dimensions, supporting patients both mentally and physically. The framework demonstrates that the management of T2DM requires holistic treatments that address biological aspects, psychological elements and social factors. Treatment planning for T2DM should incorporate pharmacological management in addition to lifestyle changes that help patients become active participants in their healthcare. This review explores that psychosocial care integration into diabetes treatment leads to better patient adherence, improved blood sugar control and enhanced life quality. Additionally, it explores the biopsychosocial determinants of T2DM by emphasising their importance in the approach to a diabetic patient, which aids in bridging the existing gap between clinical treatment approaches and patients' real-life experience to develop a targeted diabetes management strategy, enhancing patient-focused care for a T2DM patient.

Indexed as

behavioural interventionsbiopsychosocial modelglycaemic controlpatient-centred caretype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41404215
PMCPMC12703637

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.