ArticleOcular oncology and pathology2025
Dramatic Inflammatory Regression of Choroidal Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma following Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Immunotherapy: A Case Series.
Article in Ocular oncology and pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Intraocular Metastasis: Differential Diagnosis and Management.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare cause of ophthalmic metastasis. Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) such as ipilimumab and nivolumab (ipi/nivo) are first-line therapies for advanced RCC. There are limited efficacy reports of ICBs for RCC choroidal metastases (CMs). Case One: A 43-year-old male with metastatic (lung) clear cell RCC presented with left eye scleritis and a 3.4 mm choroidal mass. One week after starting ipi/nivo, the lesion rapidly expanded to 11.9 mm with vitritis, subtotal exudative retinal detachment (ERD), and features of necrosis (heterogenous echogenicity). The lesion regressed over 10 months to 1.29 mm with resolution of ERD and improved visual acuity from counting fingers to 20/50. Case Two: A 63-year-old male with clear cell RCC presented with a right eye 7.2 mm choroidal mass and subretinal haemorrhage. The lesion enlarged to 10.9 mm with ERD and heterogenous echogenicity after starting ipi/nivo, which then regressed to 2.4 mm by 7 months, leaving retinal folds. Vision declined to hand motions and remained stable. Conclusion: Ipi/nivo can induce rapid and sustained regression of RCC CM but may cause profound intraocular inflammation, collateral damage to surrounding structures, and subsequent vision loss. This response may be enhanced in the presence of pre-existing scleritis.
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