ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Shaping the glioblastoma microenvironment to enhance CAR-NK immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- LRIG2 suppresses NK cell-induced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis via the LAMP1-STAT3 pathway in glioma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- ARAP3 Facilitates Glioma Progression via IGF2BP3-Mediated m6A Modification Stabilization.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Targeting Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma: Molecular Mechanisms, Tumor Microenvironment, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- AI-driven radiomics and radiogenomics: supporting the assessment and differentiation of pseudoprogression in cellular immunotherapy for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma pathophysiology: roles of aging driven changes in STAT3 interactions with NF-κB dimer components in the modulation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and night-time inflammation resolution.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy has shown favorable results in treating hematological malignancies but with limited efficacy against solid tumors, including glioblastomas, which is partly due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors. This mini review focuses on the various immunosuppressive strategies employed by the glioblastoma microenvironment for immune evasion, including stromal barriers, hypoxic conditions, immunosuppressive cytokines, downregulation of activating ligands, and upregulation of immune checkpoints. A range of emerging strategies has been proposed to counteract these inhibitory effects, such as genetic engineering of NK cells and molecular targeting of the stroma in combination with oncolytic virus therapy. Future single-cell spatiotemporal omics studies are expected to further enable a personalized and dynamic approach to treating glioblastoma with improved outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.