Contrastive stress in persons with Parkinson's disease who speak Mandarin: Task effect in production and preserved perception.

Background: Speech in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by impaired prosody (e.g., monotone, abnormal rate, reduced loudness). Most studies on prosodic abnormalities in PD have been obtained from individuals who speak non-tone languages, where prosodic contrasts do not systematically contribute to lexical meanings. In a tone language such as Mandarin, pitch not only carries affective information but also serves to distinguish lexical meanings. It is not known how well persons with PD, who speak a tone language, convey contrastive stress (specific intonational cues signaling topic and theme) for discourse purposes in production, or how well they perceive these contrasts. Method: Experiment 1 investigated production of contrastive stress by persons with PD who speak Mandarin using two different speech tasks, Elicitation and Repetition. PD participants and healthy controls (HC) produced short sentences with focus in different positions during the two task conditions. As an indirect measurement of the quality of the participants' production of contrastive stress, healthy listeners served as raters to identify focus positions in the sentences and provide goodness ratings to each produced contrastive stress. Experiment 2 examined perceptual ability, measuring PD participants' identification through listening of contrastive stress on utterances produced by a healthy speaker. Results: For the Production Study (Experiment 1), the results revealed significantly poorer performance in the PD than the HC group in Elicitation and Repetition. Consistent with previous studies, a task effect was found; study participants demonstrated better performance in Repetition than in Elicitation. Results for the examination of perceptual ability in Experiment 2 revealed that PD and HC participants were equally successful in perceiving contrastive stress in Mandarin utterances produced by a healthy speaker. Discussion: This study extended previous literature by measuring production and perception of contrastive stress in persons with PD who speak a tone language. Contrastive stress was detected with decreased accuracy in speech produced by persons with PD compared to healthy controls. However, performance was relatively preserved in a repetition condition compared to an elicitation condition. In contrast to the production results, speakers with PD were as successful as HC in perceiving sentential focus, consistent with previous research reporting a discrepancy between production and perception in persons with PD.