Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41403803›Full record

ArticleMaedica2025

Antibiotic Administration and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Mohsen Rastkar, Maryam Feili, Mahyar Ghajarzadeh, Aida Mohammadi, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Maedica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Abdorreza Naser MoghadasiMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohsen RastkarStudents' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam FeiliShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mahyar GhajarzadehShahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Aida MohammadiMultiple Sclerosis Research Group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahsa GhajarzadehUniversal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Gut-brain axis is a bidirectional interaction between the gut and the nervous system. Antibiotics disrupt this axis. We designed this systematic review and meta-analysis to show if there is an association between antibiotic administration and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched by two independent researchers on February 1 Results: A literature search revealed 3606 records, 22 full texts were evaluated and finally, six studies remained for systematic review. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the use of penicillin and MS risk was 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84-1.22] (I Conclusions: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that, except for penicillin, the use of other antibiotics may increase the risk of MS.

Indexed as

antibioticsmultiple sclerosissystematic review.

Identifiers

PMID41403803
PMCPMC12631589

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.