ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2025
Comparison of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive T-cells with known prognostic indicators in breast cancer.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women across the world. Immune cells can detect and destroy cancer cells. However, cancer cells acquire certain immune evasion mechanisms such as PD-1+ T-cells, to combat immune response. Limited number of studies have shown PD-1+ T-cells as a prognostic marker in breast cancer, but studies in India are far and few. Aims: To compare the positivity of PD-1-positive T-cells with known prognostic indicators in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, prospo-retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand, India. A total of 50 cases were taken. Clinicopathological details were noted. On immunohistochemistry, PD-1 was membranous. The distribution pattern and percentage positivity of PD-1-positive T-cells were noted. Pearson Chi-square/Fisher's exact test was used. Results: The positivity of PD-1+ T-cells was found to be higher in tumors with luminal B subtype ( Conclusion: PD-1 positivity was associated with tumor molecular subtypes. No significant association of PD-1+ T-cells with other known prognostic markers of breast cancer was found.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.