ArticleInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2026
Safeguarding maternal health against extreme heat in India: A policy analysis of state-level heat action plans.
Article in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Safeguarding maternal health against extreme heat in India: A policy analysis of state-level heat action plans.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study identifies and characterizes policy measures across Indian states to protect pregnant and lactating women from extreme heat exposure through a thematic analysis of state-level heat and climate adaptation plans.
methodsUsing content analysis, we systematically reviewed publicly available Heat Action Plans (HAPs) (N = 19) and, when unavailable, the State Action Plan on Climate Change (N = 16) from all Indian states and union territories. Strategies referencing pregnant and lactating women, either directly or indirectly (i.e., as part of a group identified as vulnerable), were extracted, categorized and coded.
resultsTwelve of 35 state plans (33%) contained no recommendations for pregnant or lactating women. The remaining 23 plans listed 214 strategies, comprising 102 unique strategies (no repetitions). However, only 40 directly addressed this group. Karnataka (16), Telangana (11), and Delhi (10) had the highest number of unique strategies. Strategies were categorized using the four-category climate adaptation framework of Chersich et al. and fell into behavior change actions (n = 100), structural/policy, and climate-financing support measures (n = 51), health system interventions (n = 38), and built environment/cooling solutions (n = 25).
conclusionStrategies specifically addressing pregnant and lactating women during extreme heat remain limited across Indian states, with most focusing on behavioral interventions rather than structural solutions. Critical gaps exist in 12 states with no targeted measures. Very few strategies focus on pregnant and lactating women in the HAPs. Strengthening evidence-based, targeted adaptation policies and implementing comprehensive structural interventions are critical to protecting them from the increasing heat exposure risks.
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