ArticleJournal of anatomy2026
Do plantar calcaneal spurs make the plantar aponeurosis enthesis stronger? A biomechanical analysis.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Calcaneal spurs are shown to be increasingly prevalent in modern populations and often contribute to forming heel and foot pain. There are multiple hypotheses for their formation, including exercise, prolonged standing and obesity. The impact of these spurs on foot biomechanics remains unclear; it is suggested that their presence may contribute to enthesial avulsion forces. This study aimed to determine the avulsion properties of the plantar aponeurosis enthesis with and without spurs. Twenty-four feet from 15 cadavers donated to the Department of Anatomy at the University of Otago were used for this study. Tissues were X-rayed to determine the presence of spurs. The donor feet were dissected to isolate the calcanei. These were then mounted in a custom-developed 3D-printed clamping rig to perform tensile testing of the plantar calcaneal enthesis to determine pull-out forces of the central band of the plantar fascia. Biomechanical testing showed no statistically significant differences in avulsion properties between the spur (n = 7) and non-spur (n = 14) samples in any of the avulsion parameters investigated: F
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