Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41403298›Full record

ArticleJournal of developmental origins of health and disease2025

Early life trajectories of head circumference predict executive function and fluid cognitive skills at age 4 in Kenya.

Michael T Willoughby, Amanda J Wylie, Hemstone Mugala, Rachel Kamau, Brent Collett, Emily Begnel, Ednah Ojee, Judith Adhiambo, Eliza Mabele, Soren Gantt and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of developmental origins of health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Michael T WilloughbyEducation Practice Area, https://ror.org/052tfza37RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-3533
Amanda J WylieEducation Practice Area, https://ror.org/052tfza37RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Hemstone MugalaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Rachel KamauDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Brent CollettCenter for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Emily BegnelDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ednah OjeeDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Judith AdhiamboDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Eliza MabeleDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Soren GanttDepartments of Pediatrics/Developmental Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sarah Benki-NugentDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Cheryl DayDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jennifer SlykerDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
John KinuthiaDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Dalton WamalwaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS ResearchP30AI027757 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CONNIE L CELUM · 1988 to 2026
$104.9M
Urgent Versus Post-Stabilization ART in HIV+ Children with Severe Co-infectionsR01HD023412 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Grace C. John-Stewart, DALTON CHEKOKO WAMALWA · 1987 to 2026
$12.2M
The effect of cytomegalovirus, inflammation, and immune activation on neurodevelopment in children exposed to maternal HIV infectionP01HD107669 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Grace C. John-Stewart, John Kinuthia · 2022 to 2026
$8.8M
Maternal-infant Virome Transmission: the role of HIV and Antiretroviral TherapyR01HD092311 · NICHD · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI LEHMAN, DARA ANN · 2017 to 2021
$3.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027757NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD107669NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD023412NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD092311
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Head circumference (HC) is a low-cost proxy for early brain development, yet few studies have examined its predictive value for specific neurocognitive outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated whether trajectories of HC growth from 1 to 24 months predict executive function and fluid cognitive skills at age 4 in a Kenyan cohort (

Indexed as

CephalometryChild DevelopmentCognitionExecutive FunctionHeadChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantKenyaMalePregnancyearly childhoodexecutive functionfluid cognitionHead circumference

Identifiers

PMID41403298
PMCPMC12926735

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.