ArticleNature neuroscience2026
BOLD signal changes can oppose oxygen metabolism across the human cortex.
Article in Nature neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mescaline Alters Cerebellar Function, Global Connectivity, and Frequency-Selective Acoustic Gating: A BOLD fMRI Study in Awake Rats.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Differential aperture modulation enables high-fidelity 3D photoacoustic imaging.Photoacoustics · 2026Article
- Characterising the Diffusion Functional Signature of Negative BOLD With Interleaved TMS-fMRI in the Human Brain.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Human cerebral cortex organization characterized by functional PET-FDG "Metabolic Connectivity".European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Metabolism-weighted brain connectome reveals synaptic integration and vulnerability to neurodegeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Task-evoked deactivations: dissociation between BOLD fMRI and FDG.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Deep Learning Framework for Spatiotemporal Modeling of Visual Task fMRI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- BOLD fMRI reflects both vascular and metabolic signals.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- "Dense Amygdala": Extensive Complex-valued Functional MRI of the Ventral and Medial Temporal Lobe during Passive Movie Watching in Three Individuals.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Structural and Functional Connectivity Predict the Effects of Direct Brain Stimulation on Memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mapping the human lateral prefrontal cortex at the circuit level.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Human Cerebral Cortex Organization Characterized by Functional PET-FDG "Metabolic Connectivity".bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Maximum entropy model reveals frequent brain state switching in a multiversal brain function analysis in early psychoses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Synaptic micromechanics and brain softening as a mechanobiological hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging Epicenters as Vulnerable Nodes in Plasma p-tau217/Aβ42-Positive Alzheimer's Disease.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging measures brain activity indirectly by monitoring changes in blood oxygenation levels, known as the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, rather than directly measuring neuronal activity. This approach crucially relies on neurovascular coupling, the mechanism that links neuronal activity to changes in cerebral blood flow. However, it remains unclear whether this relationship is consistent for both positive and negative BOLD responses across the human cortex. Here we found that about 40% of voxels with significant BOLD signal changes during various tasks showed reversed oxygen metabolism, particularly in the default mode network. These 'discordant' voxels differed in baseline oxygen extraction fraction and regulated oxygen demand via oxygen extraction fraction changes, whereas 'concordant' voxels depended mainly on cerebral blood flow changes. Our findings challenge the canonical interpretation of the BOLD signal, indicating that quantitative functional magnetic resonance imaging provides a more reliable assessment of both absolute and relative changes in neuronal activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.