Environmental implications and recovery potential of rare earth elements in solid residues from the incineration of sewage sludge.

Bartłomiej Michał Cieślik, Oskar Ronda, Satoki Okabayashi, Koichi Chiba, Motohiro Tsuboi, Justyna Płotka-Wasylka

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bartłomiej Michał CieślikFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 str, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland. bartlomiej.cieslik@pg.edu.pl.

Oskar RondaFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 str, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.

Satoki OkabayashiDepartment of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.

Koichi ChibaDepartment of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.

Motohiro TsuboiDepartment of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Ugahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.

Justyna Płotka-WasylkaFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 str, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.

Funding

Gdańsk University of Technology in the IDUB programme 8/1/2022/IDUB/IV.2a/Eu

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The presented research aimed to contribute new insights into the chemical composition of solid waste generated during the incineration of sewage sludge, with a particular focus on the occurrence and behaviour of rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, the total content as well as the mobility of rare earth elements (REE) were determined in disposed fluidized beds (FB), sewage sludge ash (SSA), and air pollution control residues (APC) samples obtained from three Polish facilities engaged in thermal sewage sludge treatment. The mobility of REE was assessed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Each type of tested material was characterized by different content of REE (SSA > FB > APC). Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed in the REE content in individual waste fractions depending on the sampling places. The mobility of REE in SSA and FB was determined as very low (approx. 98.5% of Sc and > 99% of other REE in the immobile fraction). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the recovery potential of REE from each fraction of the tested waste is negligible. Because of the very low mobility of REE, these elements should not be considered hazardous during FB and SSA management.

Indexed as

Fluidized bedRare earth elementsRecoverySewage sludge ashTrace analysisWaste management

Identifiers

PMID41402499

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-32315-0

PMCPMC12820271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.