Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41402302›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Multi-messenger dynamic imaging of laser-driven shocks in water using a plasma wakefield accelerator.

Mario D Balcazar, Hai-En Tsai, Tobias M Ostermayr, Paul Campbell, Matthew R Trantham, Félicie Albert, Qiang Chen, Cary Colgan, Gilliss M Dyer, Zachary Eisentraut and 22 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Mario D BalcazarGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US. balcazar@umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-0316
Hai-En TsaiLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.
Tobias M OstermayrLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-1066
Paul CampbellGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-0221
Matthew R TranthamDepartment of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US.
Félicie AlbertNational Ignition Facility and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, US.
Qiang ChenLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.
Cary ColganThe John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-2317
Gilliss M DyerSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-9780
Zachary EisentrautLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.
Eric EsareyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.
Elizabeth S GraceNational Ignition Facility and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-972X
Benjamin GreenwoodLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3271-0110
Anthony J GonsalvesLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.
Sahel HakimiLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-564X
Robert JacobLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-9917
Brendan KettleThe John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-4448
Paul KingNational Ignition Facility and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, US.
Karl KrushelnickGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US.
Nuno LemosNational Ignition Facility and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, US.
Eva E LosThe John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-0346
Yong MaGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-4856
Stuart P D ManglesThe John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-4201
John NeesGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US.
Isabella M PaganoNational Ignition Facility and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, US.
Carl B SchroederLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-0166
Raspberry A SimpsonNational Ignition Facility and Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, US.
Anthony V VazquezLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5523-222X
Jeroen van TilborgLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-7735
Cameron G R GeddesLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, US.
Alexander G R ThomasGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US. agrt@umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-8512
Carolyn C KuranzGérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, US.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding dense matter hydrodynamics is critical for predicting plasma behavior in environments relevant to laser-driven inertial confinement fusion. Traditional diagnostic sources face limitations in brightness, spatiotemporal resolution, and in their ability to detect relevant electromagnetic fields. In this work, we present a dual-probe, multi-messenger laser wakefield accelerator platform combining ultrafast X-rays and relativistic electron beams at 1 Hz, to interrogate a free-flowing water target in vacuum, heated by an intense 200 ps laser pulse. This scheme enables high-repetition-rate tracking the evolution of the interaction using both particle types. Betatron X-rays reveal a cylindrically symmetric shock compression morphology assisted by low-density vapor, resembling foam-layer-assisted fusion targets. The synchronized electron beam detects time-evolving electromagnetic fields, uncovering charge separation and ion species differentiation during plasma expansion - phenomena not captured by photons or hydrodynamic simulations. We show that combining both probes provides complementary insights spanning kinetic to hydrodynamic regimes, highlighting the need for hybrid physics models to accurately predict fusion-relevant plasma behavior.

Identifiers

PMID41402302
PMCPMC12804892

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.