Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41402269›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

An unbiased comparison of 14 epigenetic clocks in relation to 174 incident disease outcomes.

Christos Mavrommatis, Daniel W Belsky, Kejun Ying, Mahdi Moqri, Archie Campbell, Anne Richmond, Vadim N Gladyshev, Tamir Chandra, Daniel L McCartney, Riccardo E Marioni

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Christos MavrommatisInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Daniel W BelskyDepartment of Epidemiology, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-2212
Kejun YingDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Mahdi MoqriDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-0566
Archie CampbellInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-5078
Anne RichmondInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Vadim N GladyshevDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0372-7016
Tamir ChandraRobert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-317X
Daniel L McCartney *Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Riccardo E Marioni *Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. riccardo.marioni@ed.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4430-4260

Funding

The MyGoals for Healthy Aging Multi-Center Randomized Controlled TrialR01AG073402 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Daniel Walker Belsky · 2022 to 2026
$3.6M
Testing effects of cash transfers on biological aging and risk for Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG087158 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Allison E Aiello, Daniel Walker Belsky · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
Chief Scientist Office (CSO) CZD/16/6NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073402NIA NIH HHS R01 AG087158Scottish Funding Council (SFC) HR03006U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R01AG073402 and R01AG087158Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 104036/Z/14/Z and 221890/Z/20/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epigenetic Clocks have been trained to predict chronological age, healthspan and lifespan. Such clocks are often analysed in relation to disease outcomes - typically using small datasets and a limited number of clocks. Here, we present a large-scale (n = 18,859), unbiased comparison of 14 widely used clocks as predictors of 174 incident disease outcomes and all-cause mortality over 10-years of follow up. Second- and third-generation clocks significantly outperform first-generation clocks, which have limited applications in disease settings. Of the 176 Bonferroni significant (P < 0.05/174) associations from fully-adjusted Cox regression models controlling for lifestyle and socioeconomic measures, there are 27 diseases (including primary lung cancer and diabetes) where the hazard ratio for the clock exceeds the clock's association with all-cause mortality. Furthermore, for 32 of the 176 findings, adding the clock to a null classification model with traditional risk factors significantly increases the classification accuracy by >1%. However, there is minimal evidence for interactions between the clocks and sex or smoking (ever/never) status. Second- and third-generation epigenetic clocks show promise for disease risk prediction, particularly in relation to respiratory and liver-based conditions.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41402269
PMCPMC12708718

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.