ArticleJournal of affective disorders2026
Pessimistic repetitive thought, goal-oriented repetitive thought, and positive indulging about the future as predictors of suicide ideation among treatment-seeking adolescents.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Repetitive thinking about the future plays a crucial role in adolescent suicide ideation, yet the specific forms of future-oriented repetitive thought that predict suicide ideation, and their psychological mechanisms, remain understudied. This study investigated how three dimensions of future-oriented repetitive thought predicted suicide ideation among treatment-seeking adolescents and whether depressive symptoms mediated the relationship. Adolescents (N = 119; ages 12-19) who presented to the emergency department or outpatient treatment with recent suicide ideation or attempts completed a measure capturing three dimensions of future-oriented repetitive thought: pessimistic repetitive future thinking, repetitive thinking about future goals, and positive indulging about the future. They also completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Pessimistic repetitive thinking had a significant direct effect on suicide ideation at 3 months (c' = 0.44, 95 % CI [0.01, 0.86]). Both pessimistic repetitive thinking (ab = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.09, 0.70]) and positive indulging (ab = 0.54, 95 % CI [0.03, 1.00]) showed a significant indirect effect on suicide ideation through increased depressive symptoms at 3 months. Repetitive thinking about future goals was not significantly associated with either depressive symptoms or suicide ideation at follow-up. These findings extend our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying suicide ideation among adolescents, highlighting pessimistic future thinking and positive indulging as a potential intervention target distinct from traditional constructs like rumination. Results suggest that how adolescents repetitively think about their futures, particularly their tendency to engage in pessimistic future-oriented repetitive thought, may be important in maintaining suicide ideation.
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