ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Systemic Hospital Effects Driving Racial Disparities in Non-Elective Cesarean Delivery: Evidence from the New York Metropolitan Area.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon‑Hispanic Black patients have higher non‑elective cesarean rates than Whites, but it is unclear how much of this gap is due to observable patient and hospital factors versus unmeasured structural influences.
methodsWe analyzed 160,122 patients who were either Non-Hispanic Black or White using New York State Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) files for New York City and Long Island for the years 2018-2022. Racial group characteristics were compared using chi-square tests and the Oaxaca Blinder decomposition method was employed to decompose the racial disparity in cesarean surgery into explained and unexplained components.
resultsCesarean rates were 37.8 % for Non-Hispanic Black patients and 27.8 % for White patients (difference = -10.0 percentage points, p = 0.001). A small percentage of hospitals accounted for the majority of Black deliveries: 10 of the 51 hospitals accounted for 51.3 % of all Black births. Furthermore, 29.3 % of all Black deliveries occurred in facilities where White deliveries comprised <1 %. Observable factors explained only 7% (+ 0.77 percentage points; p = 0.71) of the overall gap, whereas unexplained effects accounted for 107% (-10.73; p < 0.001). Hospitals alone accounted for 40 % of the unexplained component, suggesting differential treatment within hospital driving a large share of the observed disparity in cesarian rates.
conclusionsDifferential treatment by hospitals contributed almost half of the total Black/White disparity in non-elective cesarean deliveries. Interventions that standardize practice and distribute resources equitably across hospitals are essential to help close this gap.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41400913What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.