ReviewVeterinary research communications2025
Global prevalence, diagnostics and epidemiological trends of canine filariosis and associated zoonotic infections (2021-2025): a review.
Review in Veterinary research communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mosquito vectors of lymphatic and zoonotic filariasis in Malaysia: a systematic review and proportionate meta-analysis of infection rates.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in traveling dogs: implications for transboundary pathogen movement.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- CouldFrontiers in allergy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Canine and human dirofilariosis, caused primarily by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, represents a significant veterinary and public health concern with distinct epidemiological patterns across geographic regions. This review synthesizes data from 60 canine studies and 72 publications on zoonotic human filariasis (all published between 2021 and 2025) to analyze the global burden and interspecies zoonotic transmission risks. In dogs, D. immitis shows hyperendemic areas in tropical Americas (Colombia: 60.1%) but lower rates in temperate zones (USA: 0.8%), while Europe exhibits a north-south divergence with D. immitis dominant in southern regions (Portugal: 51.6%) and D. repens emerging in eastern areas (Slovakia: 60% co-infections). Asia presents complex epidemiology with Sri Lanka reporting 89.3% D. repens prevalence and India documenting Dirofilaria hongkongensis infections (25.0-25.3%). Human cases mirror this geographic distribution, with 56.9% concentrated in Europe and 40.2% in Asia, primarily presenting as subcutaneous nodules or ocular manifestations. Molecular methods reveal greater sensitivity than microscopy in both species, underscoring microscopy’s limitations for prevalence studies; nevertheless, serological antigen tests remain the more reliable diagnostic approach for canine D. immitis. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated One Health surveillance, climate-adaptive control strategies targeting zoonotic hotspots, and standardized diagnostic protocols to address these increasingly widespread parasitic infections. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights for developing targeted interventions against dirofilariasis across human and veterinary medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41400797What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.