Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41400491›Full record

GuidelineJournal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences2026

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Peroral Cholangioscopy.

Kazumasa Nagai, Akio Katanuma, Shomei Ryozawa, Yoshinobu Okabe, Naoki Okano, Hiroki Kawashima, Hiroshi Kawakami, Hironari Kato, Nobuhiko Hayashi, Atsushi Irisawa and 4 more

Abstract readPractice GuidelineSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Kazumasa NagaiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-6191
Akio KatanumaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Shomei RyozawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
Yoshinobu OkabeDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Naoki OkanoDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroki KawashimaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3720-781X
Hiroshi KawakamiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-366X
Hironari KatoDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
Nobuhiko HayashiThird Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Atsushi IrisawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-2717
Etsuro HatanoDivision of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-1918
Ichiro YasudaThird Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Yoshinori IgarashiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Takao ItoiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background/purposePeroral cholangioscopy (POCS) has emerged as a valuable endoscopic modality for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases. Despite its growing clinical application, no standardized clinical practice guidelines have previously been established in Japan. In response, here we describe how the Japan Biliary Association (JBA) developed evidence-based guidelines to support the safe and effective implementation of POCS.

methodsFollowing the Minds 2020 methodology, a multidisciplinary committee formulated 31 key clinical, background, and future research questions across six domains: definitions, indications and roles, procedures, special cases, adverse events, and diagnostic/therapeutic outcomes. Recommendations were based on a systematic review of literature, supplemented by expert consensus where evidence was limited.

resultsKey topics include appropriate indications, management of antithrombotic therapy, necessity of papillary intervention, antibiotic prophylaxis, procedural risks, and the role of POCS-guided biopsy and lithotripsy. Notably, the guidelines highlight the utility of POCS in evaluating indeterminate biliary strictures, papillary cholangiocarcinoma, and difficult bile duct stones, while addressing adverse events such as cholangitis and perforation.

conclusionsThese guidelines are intended to serve as a practical reference for clinicians and endoscopists involved in biliary endoscopy, with the flexibility of their adaptation based on institutional practices and patient characteristics.

Indexed as

Biliary Tract DiseasesEndoscopy, Digestive SystemHumansJapanbiliary stricturescholangioscopy‐guided lithotripsyclinical practice guidelinesendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyperoral cholangioscopy (POCS)

Identifiers

PMID41400491
PMCPMC12818022

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.