ArticleJournal of early hearing detection and intervention2025
Third Grade Reading Proficiency in Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children who Received Early Intervention.
Article in Journal of early hearing detection and intervention, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Early enrollment in Part C Early Intervention (EI) before age 6 months is linked to improved language and kindergarten readiness in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), but the effect on later academic outcomes is unclear. This study examines whether earlier (< 6 months) versus later (> 6 months) enrollment of children who are DHH in early intervention programs influences third-grade reading proficiency. Method: This study used data linked from three Ohio state agencies for infants identified with permanent hearing loss born 2008-2014 who received EI. The sample consisted of 412 children who were DHH and had scores on third grade standardized reading tests. Reading levels were categorized from limited to advanced. Logistic regression assessed the association between enrollment timing and reading proficiency, adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Results: Children enrolled in EI programs before 6 months of age ( Conclusion: Benefits of earlier EI enrollment extend into elementary school, supporting healthy developmental trajectories and reducing risk for later academic challenges in children who are DHH.
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