Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41399328›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of psychotraumatology2025

Understanding bullying as a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescents: insights from clinical samples in Norway, The Netherlands and Germany.

Cedric Sachser, Lieke H Kooij, Jacob Keller, Rebekka Eilers, Tine K Jensen, Ramon J L Lindauer, Silje M Ormhaug, Elisa Pfeiffer, Rita Rosner, Ane-Marthe Solheim Skar and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Cedric SachserClinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
Lieke H KooijDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jacob KellerClinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
Rebekka EilersDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.
Tine K JensenNorwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.
Ramon J L LindauerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Silje M OrmhaugNorwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4987-7711
Elisa PfeifferDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Rita RosnerDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.
Ane-Marthe Solheim SkarNorwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.
Marianne S BirkelandNorwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearch on bullying and child PTSD has traditionally been conducted separately. This study examines the association between bullying and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in three international samples, comparing its impact to other potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and assessing whether bullying predicts PTSS when controlling for other PTEs.

methodWe analyzed three large clinical samples of children and adolescents referred for mental health care in Norway (

resultsBullying was reported by 56.2% (Norway), 53.2% (the Netherlands), and 52.6% (Germany); cyberbullying was reported by 17.0% (Germany). Moderate correlations with PTSS severity were found (

conclusionsFrom a socio-emotional developmental perspective, bullying is a significant risk factor for child PTSS. This association was stronger when bullying items included threat-based language. Specifying the nature of bullying is crucial in determining whether it meets trauma criteria.

Indexed as

BullyingStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdolescentChildFemaleGermanyHumansMaleNetherlandsNorwayacoso escolarbullyingchildren and adolescentscross international samplesinfancia y adolescenciamuestras internacionalespotential traumatic events (PTEs)PTSD symptomsSEPTTrauma

Identifiers

PMID41399328
PMCPMC12710268

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.