SynthesisClinical psychology & psychotherapy
Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Intermittent Explosive Disorder, ADHD and Conduct Disorder: Shared and Unique Influences.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Intermittent Explosive Disorder, ADHD and Conduct Disorder: Shared and Unique Influences.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Infectious diseases and childhood disruptive behavior disorders: a reappraisal.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis systematic review examines the shared and unique risk factors for intermittent explosive disorder (IED), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD), aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their etiological pathways and inform future intervention strategies.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across seven databases (Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, CENTRAL and Embase) for studies examining risk factors for IED, ADHD and CD. A total of 44 studies were included, focusing on genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors. We employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for study selection and quality assessment.
resultsForty-four studies were included. We identified 15 cross-disorder risk factors. Of these, nine domains had evidence across all three disorders. The remaining six domains showed a more restricted pattern (present for ADHD and/or CD, but not yet studied or not reported for IED): maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, low birth weight/other perinatal risks, parental psychopathology/maternal mental health, MAOA/COMT genetic variants and parenting stress/school-related disadvantage that has not been tested for IED.
conclusionOur findings emphasise the importance of shared environmental and biological factors across these disorders, with implications for integrated intervention strategies. The review highlights gaps in research and calls for more targeted studies that incorporate gender, developmental stage and family dynamics.
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