Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41399205›Full record

ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2026

Mediterranean diet and risk of multiple sclerosis: A prospective cohort study.

Sara Ratti, Helén Eke, Anna Cantarutti, Stephanie E Bonn, Hans-Olov Adami, Weimin Ye, Marta Ponzano, Alessandra Grotta, Ylva Trolle Lagerros

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sara RattiDepartment of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-4102-5808
Helén EkeDepartment of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5218-3628
Anna CantaruttiDepartment of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3700-780X
Stephanie E BonnDivision of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-2219-7970
Hans-Olov AdamiDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-9592-5791
Weimin YeDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-6859-4648
Marta PonzanoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4091-4686
Alessandra GrottaDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-5116-7180
Ylva Trolle LagerrosDepartment of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6816-7577

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAlthough adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported to be inversely associated with risk of neurodegenerative disease, it is uncertain if this dietary pattern also reduces multiple sclerosis (MS) risk.

methodsWe analyzed data from 41,428 participants in the Swedish National March Cohort. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline in 1997 using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The Mediterranean Diet Score was analyzed numerically (range: 0-9) and categorically (low, medium, high adherence). Participants were followed using national registries to identify MS cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 17.6 years, we identified 89 incident MS cases. Each one-point increase in the Mediterranean Diet Score was associated with a 14% lower MS risk (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.99). When stratified by smoking, we found a 26% lower risk among non-smokers (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90), while no risk reduction was seen among smokers. In age-stratified analyses, inverse associations were observed in participants aged ⩽ 45 years (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.93), but not in those aged >45 years.

conclusionsAdherence to the Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with MS risk, supporting its potential neuroprotective role.

Indexed as

Diet, MediterraneanMultiple SclerosisAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRegistriesRisk FactorsSwedencohort studyepidemiologyMediterranean dietmultiple sclerosisnutrition

Identifiers

PMID41399205
PMCPMC12756519

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.