SynthesisMedicine2025
Application of acupuncture and moxibustion for tic disorders: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTic disorder (TD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that often begins in childhood or adolescence. Acupuncture and moxibustion are alternative therapies that have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of TD. Over the past few decades, several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses have reported the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating patients with TD. However, the quality of these SRs varies.
methodsTen electronic databases were searched. Two researchers performed independently in study selection, data extraction, and evaluation. Methodological quality was assessed by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2. Evidence levels were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approaches.
resultsIn total, 12 studies were included, comprising 106 randomized controlled trials and 7973 patients. In A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2, most of the SRs were of low or critically low levels since they had more than 1 critical deficiency. In the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, 10 outcomes were valued as very low level, 30 as low, 24 as moderate level, and 0 as high level. Most SRs meet the potential benefits of acupuncture and moxibustion for TD. Interestingly, no serious events were shown in these studies.
conclusionThis overview, through analysis of 12 studies, shows that acupuncture and moxibustion were more effective than the conventional Western medicine treatment for TD. Nevertheless, given the subpar methodological quality of the reviews, we cannot draw a more definitive conclusion. Hence, we need more research to improve methodological and reporting quality to yield more robust evidence.
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