The effect of different time intervals of diode laser irradiation on the in Ovo chick embryo yolk sac membrane for angiogenic differentiation - an in Ovo pilot experimental study.

To evaluate and compare the effect of 15, 20, 45 and 60 s of diode laser irradiation on the In Ovo Chick Embryo Yolk Sac Membrane (YSM) for Angiogenic differentiation. 15 fertile White Leghorn eggs incubated under controlled conditions were used in the study. Eggs were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 3) and exposed to 980 nm diode laser (0.7 W) for 15, 20, 45 and 60 s, with a control group receiving no irradiation. On day 10, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vasculature was imaged and analysed using IKOSA CAM assay software to quantify blood vessel branching. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The mean values of vascular branching points, total vessel length, and vessel area showed statistically significant differences across all groups (p < 0.02, < 0.001, and < 0.04, respectively). Intergroup comparisons revealed significant increases in branching points for the 45-seconds (p < 0.04) and 60-seconds (p < 0.003) groups versus control, and between 15- and 60-seconds (p < 0.006), and 20- and 60-seconds (p < 0.02) groups. Total vessel length differed significantly between control and the 15-second (p < 0.02), 45-seconds (p < 0.001), and 60-second (p < 0.04) groups. For vessel area, a significant increase was noted in the 45-seconds group compared to control (p < 0.04). These results suggest that diode laser irradiation significantly enhances angiogenesis, with 45 s producing the most pronounced effect across all parameters. Diode laser irradiation enhances angiogenesis, with 45 s being the optimal exposure time for angiogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that highlight LLLT may accelerate healing and tissue repair, warranting further research for clinical applications.