Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41398451›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2026

Cardiometabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors and Cognitive Decline Among Older Indians-Report From a Nationally Representative, Longitudinal Study.

Joyita Banerjee, Jung Ki Kim, Emma Nichols, Pranali Khobragade, A B Dey, Sharmistha Dey, Eileen Crimmins, David Flood, Kenneth M Langa, Jinkook Lee and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The landscape of dementia in India: Prevalence, risk factors, and opportunities ahead.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Joyita BanerjeeCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3432-9782
Jung Ki KimLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4842-0579
Emma NicholsCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Pranali KhobragadeCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
A B DeyVenu Geriatric Institute, New Delhi, India.
Sharmistha DeyDepartment of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Eileen CrimminsLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
David FloodDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4372-7387
Kenneth M LangaDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Jinkook LeeCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Peifeng HuDivision of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA.

Funding

Leveraging a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of blood sugar on dementia and cognition in IndiaR01AG051125 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Jinkook Lee · 2015 to 2026
$26.8M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG051125NIH HHS R01 AG051125
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRapid increase in cardiometabolic diseases in India may contribute to increased incidence of late-life cognitive impairment. This study focuses on associations between baseline cardiometabolic risk factors and subsequent decline in cognitive function among older adults in India, leveraging data from two waves (Wave 1: 2017-2020, Wave 2: 2022-2024) of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD).

methodsAnalysis included longitudinal data of 1554 study participants. A summary measure of different cognitive functional domains was used. Cognitive decline was defined as annual decline in cognitive score ≥ 0.05 times the standard deviation of the summary score. Cardiometabolic risk was characterized using cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers. Multivariate, multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between cardiometabolic risk and cognitive decline.

resultsAt baseline, 71.7% of the sample had elevated homocysteine levels, 44.4% had elevated blood pressure, 23% had elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 6.7% had elevated uric acid levels. Between the two waves, 34.8% experienced significant cognitive decline, while 35.6% died. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression showed significant cognitive decline was associated with elevated blood pressure [odds ratio (OR): 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-2.2], elevated HbA1c (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.2), being overweight (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0), and elevated uric acid level (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3). Those with hypertension had 1.5 times higher odds of mortality (95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.0), while those with diabetes mellitus or elevated pro-brain natriuretic peptide had 1.2 times (95% CI: 1.1-1.4), and 1.8 times (95% CI: 1.1-1.4) higher odds of mortality.

conclusionCardiometabolic risk factors play a significant role in late-life cognitive decline and death among older Indians. These longitudinal relationships from LASI-DAD highlight potentially modifiable risk factors and inform potential prevention policies.

Indexed as

Cardiometabolic Risk FactorsCognitive DysfunctionInflammationAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansIndiaLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUric AcidBiomarkersGlycated HemoglobinUric Acidcardiometabolic riskcognitive declinehypertensionhyperuricemialongitudinal data

Identifiers

PMID41398451
PMCPMC12968367

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.