ArticleJournal of animal science and biotechnology2025
Exploring new benefits of vitamin A: alleviating hypoxia-induced mitochondrial stress and mitophagy in the gills of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).
Article in Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHypoxia is a pervasive challenge in aquaculture that poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms. Since fish cannot synthesize vitamin A endogenously, it must be supplied through diet, and it plays a vital role in supporting fish stress resistance. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of VA on the gills of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) against hypoxia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
methodsSix experimental diets with graded VA levels (375, 862, 1,614, 2,099, 2,786, and 3,118 IU/kg) were fed to grass carp (initial weight: 726 ± 1.2 g) for 60 d. After the trial, 24 fish per treatment were selected, divided equally into normoxic and hypoxic groups, fasted for 24 h, and then subjected to a 96-h acute hypoxic challenge.
resultsThe results demonstrated that VA supplementation mitigated hypoxia-induced damage in gill tissue, as evidenced by histological examination. Furthermore, VA alleviated oxidative stress, as indicated by reduced levels of lactate (LD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further investigations indicated that VA alleviated mitochondrial stress, potentially through suppressing the canonical UPR
conclusionsIn summary, this study provided the first evidence that VA conferred protective effects against hypoxia-induced gill damage in grass carp.
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