ArticleBMC veterinary research2025
Framing effects of health education materials on rural public intention for dog vaccination against rabies in China.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImplementing more efficient education about dog vaccination against rabies in rural areas is crucial for rabies prevention and control in China, which is one of the countries most severely affected by rabies. The effectiveness of public education is significantly influenced by the discourse used. Given the paucity of studies examining how different discourse promote intentions to vaccinate dogs against rabies, this study explores the persuasive effectiveness of different goal frames and social norms on rural dog owners’ willingness to vaccinate their dogs and the implication for the practice of health education.
methodsBased on the goal framing and social norm theories, this study used a 2 × 2 factorial experiment design with 220 participants randomly assigned to different experimental groups. The experiment provided participants with four different videos for rabies vaccination for dogs. A generalized linear model analysis was used to analyze the main effects and interaction effects of the experimental manipulations.
resultsThe results show that after controlling for prior dog immunization experiences, the education video combined dynamic descriptive norm with a gain frame is more effective in promoting the willingness to vaccinate dogs against rabies compared to combining the dynamic descriptive norm with a loss frame or combining the gain frame with injunctive norm information.
conclusionIn promoting dog rabies immunization, using either the gain frame or loss frame alone, or relying solely on dynamic descriptive norm or injunctive social norm alone, does not necessarily produce different effects. However, combining the gain frame with dynamic descriptive norm information can significantly enhance dog owners’ willingness to vaccinate their dogs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.