ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
My risk perception; perspectives from youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOffspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) are at increased risk of developing mental health difficulties. While research has documented elevated rates of psychiatric symptoms in this group, less is known about how young people themselves perceive their parent’s illness, their own vulnerability, and the ways in which family relationships shape these experiences. Limited attention has been given to how they understand heredity and how they view preventative support. Greater insight into their lived experiences is essential for designing family-sensitive interventions that address both risks and resources.
methodsThis qualitative study included 15 young people aged 15–24 years who had at least one parent diagnosed with BD. Semi-structured interviews explored experiences of growing up with a parent with BD, perceptions of personal mental health and heredity, and expectations of support and research, which were the four predefined themes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using qualitative content analysis. In addition, participants completed short self-report measures of mood and family functioning, which were used to provide contextual background for interpreting the qualitative findings.
resultsThe analysis generated several subthemes within each of the four predefined categories. Participants described living with unpredictability, heightened emotional vigilance, and in some cases role reversal, compounded by silence and stigma surrounding the illness. At the same time, they highlighted resources such as emotional awareness, strong sibling bonds, supportive peers, and curiosity about mental health research. Preventative support was welcomed, particularly when tailored to developmental stage and preferences.
conclusionGrowing up with a parent with BD involves both burden and resilience. Young people emphasized secrecy, responsibility, and emotional strain, but also loyalty, adaptability, and motivation to learn. These findings underscore the need for preventive interventions that are age-appropriate and attentive to relational resources, while also addressing vulnerabilities. Including offspring perspectives more systematically in clinical care and research may strengthen prevention for this high-risk yet often overlooked group.
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