SynthesisThe oncologist2026
Financial toxicity among patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The oncologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Financial distress among women with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in Germany: secondary analysis of prospective ePROCOM data of a two-center cohort.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Financial hardship and pain among cancer survivors: a French nationwide cross-sectional analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFinancial toxicity (FT) refers to the negative effects of the economic burden of medical care on patients that potentially lead to poor well-being and quality of life. Individuals with breast cancer are especially prone to high out-of-pocket costs (OOPCs). We aimed to evaluate the FT rate of individuals with breast cancer and determine particularly vulnerable patients.
methodsA comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Global Index Medicus, Web of Science (WOS), and EBSCO was performed from inception to July 28, 2025. Studies on FT in participants with breast cancer were included. Pooled estimates of FT rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. The primary outcome was FT. The secondary outcomes included the rates of participants in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income, and low-income countries (LMICs) who incurred FT based on income, OOPCs, or patient-reported impact of expenditures during diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
resultsSixty-six studies involving 29 426 participants with breast cancer were enrolled in our study. Most studies were from HICs (46 studies), and the others were from LMICs (20 studies). The definition of FT was significant difference among these studies. The pooled FT rate was 39.3% (95% CI, 32.4%-46.6%) in HICs and 72.3% (95% CI, 56.8%-83.8%) in LMICs.
conclusionsFT is a substantial burden among patients with breast cancer worldwide. While the burden of FT is still disproportionately higher in LMICs, nearly 40% of patients in HICs also experienced FT. However, the gap between the two settings may be narrowing.
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