Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41397906›Full record

ArticleThe Gerontologist2026

Caregiving experiences and relationships among migrant care workers, older care recipients, and employer families: a scoping review.

Igone Etxeberria, Fátima María García-Pena, Maite Azabal, Karl Pillemer

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in The Gerontologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Igone EtxeberriaDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2276-8355
Fátima María García-PenaDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2304-0617
Maite AzabalDepartment of Social Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8671-2540
Karl PillemerCollege of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7700-3563

Funding

Pilot CoreP30AG022845 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Manney Carrington Reid, ELAINE WETHINGTON · 2003 to 2026
$15.2M
National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health P30 AG022845-15S1NIA NIH HHS P30 AG022845
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesThis scoping review explored caregiving experiences and relationships among migrant home care workers, older adult care recipients and employer families, with the aim of analyzing the nature and extent of these relationships and understanding the factors that influence caregiving dynamics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThe review was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework. The researchers searched WoS Core Collection, Scopus, Pubmed, EBSCOhost: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, EBSCOhost: PsycArticles, EBSCOhost: PsycInfo databases, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were (a) articles reporting a research study; (b) articles focusing on triadic or dyadic caregiving relationships and experiences involving the migrant home care worker and/or the older care recipient and/or the employer family; (c) articles focusing on transnational migrant care workers; (d) articles published since 2013; and (e) articles written in English or Spanish. The researchers screened a total of 637 records, and 38 articles met the inclusion criteria.

resultsThese studies represented a number of countries and used various quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method study designs. The findings revealed that caregiving dynamics among the three parties are strongly influenced by cultural, structural, and interpersonal factors. Positive relationships improve the well-being of all parties involved; however, challenges such as abuse, exploitation, and poor working conditions persist, especially for live-in care workers. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Strengthening triadic caregiving relationships through cultural training, improved legal and institutional protections and psychosocial and language support are critical for enhancing quality of care and the well-being of all those involved in the caregiving process.

Indexed as

CaregiversFamilyHome Health AidesTransients and MigrantsAgedEmploymentHumansCaregiving dynamicsForeign care workersHome careTriad

Identifiers

PMID41397906
PMCPMC13102631

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.