Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41397863›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of rheumatology2026

The Effect of Everyday Discrimination on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity and Mental Health Outcomes.

Kathryn R K Benson, Alissa Becerril, Joonsuk Park, Laura Plantinga, Jinoos Yazdany, Maria Dall'Era, Patricia P Katz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kathryn R K BensonK.R.K. Benson, MD, A. Becerril, MD, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.ORCID 0000-0003-2440-9495
Alissa BecerrilK.R.K. Benson, MD, A. Becerril, MD, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.ORCID 0000-0002-4905-2288
Joonsuk ParkJ. Park, ScM, L. Plantinga, PhD, J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, M. Dall'Era, MD, P.P. Katz, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-4211-8328
Laura PlantingaJ. Park, ScM, L. Plantinga, PhD, J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, M. Dall'Era, MD, P.P. Katz, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0809-8981
Jinoos YazdanyJ. Park, ScM, L. Plantinga, PhD, J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, M. Dall'Era, MD, P.P. Katz, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3508-4094
Maria Dall'EraJ. Park, ScM, L. Plantinga, PhD, J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, M. Dall'Era, MD, P.P. Katz, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7439-2316
Patricia P KatzJ. Park, ScM, L. Plantinga, PhD, J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, M. Dall'Era, MD, P.P. Katz, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. patti.katz@ucsf.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-8146-2519

Funding

ACL HHS U01DP006701NCCDPHP CDC HHS U01 DP005120NCCDPHP CDC HHS U01 DP006701NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP006374
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Though discrimination is linked to worse SLE outcomes, the mechanisms of this association remain underexplored. Among a multiracial, multiethnic cohort with SLE, we explored relationships between discrimination and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and if mental health affects these relationships.

methodsWe analyzed data from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study, comprising Asian (31%), Black (10%), Hispanic (24%), and White (34%) participants (N = 245). Participants completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) and the following PROs: Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ), Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference and Fatigue scales, 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) for depression and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for anxiety. Multivariable linear regressions modeled associations between discrimination and PROs. Mediation analyses evaluated if depression or anxiety mediated associations between discrimination and SLAQ, pain, or fatigue.

resultsEDS scores were highest among Black and Asian participants. Among multivariable models, higher discrimination was associated with worse SLAQ (

conclusionIn this diverse SLE cohort, discrimination was associated with greater patient-reported disease activity, pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Mediation analyses suggest that mental health mediates the relationship between discrimination and PROs. These results highlight the effect of discrimination as a psychosocial stressor on disease outcome variables.

Indexed as

Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicMental HealthAdultAnxietyCaliforniaDepressionFatigueFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPainPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and Questionnairesanxietydepressiondiscriminationmental healthminority groupssystemic lupus erythematosus

Identifiers

PMID41397863
PMCPMC12710782

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.