ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2025
Access to pediatric trauma centres in Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
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Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Alexandra LapierreDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Carmel AwliseDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Gabrielle FreireDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Natalie L YancharDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Roger ZemekDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Marianne BeaudinDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Antonia StangDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Matthew WeissDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Sasha CarsenDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Isabelle GagnonDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Brett BursteinDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Melanie BerubeDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Thomas StelfoxDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Suzanne BenoDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Melanie LabrosseDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Emilie BeaulieuDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Simon BerthelotDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Terry KlassenDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Barbara HaasDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Bourke W TillmannDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Fran PriestapDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Neil MerrittDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont.
Lynne MooreDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine (Lapierre, Awlise, Moore), and Research Center CHU de Québec (Lapierre, Berube, Beaulieu, Berthelot, Moore), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Freire), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program (Freire), Peter Gilgan Institute for Research and Learning, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery, Medicine and Community Health Sciences (Yanchar), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Zemek), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Beaudin), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences (Stang), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Pediatrics (Weiss, Beaulieu, Berthelot), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery (Carsen), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (Gagnon), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Gagnon), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University; Montreal Children's Hospital (Burstein), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Occupational Health (Burstein), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Nursing (Berube), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Department of Critical Care Medicine (Stelfox), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Stelfox), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Beno), Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Emergency Medicine (Labrosse), Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; George & Fay Yee Centre for Health Care Innovation (Klassen), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of General Surgery (Haas), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care (Tillmann), University of Toronto; Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine (Tillmann), Department of Medicine, University Health Network; Tory Trauma Program (Tillmann), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Trauma Program (Priestap), London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Surgery (Merritt), Western University, London, Ont. lynne.moore@fmed.ulaval.ca.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren with major trauma have better outcomes when treated in pediatric trauma centres, but population-based data on access to these centres in Canada are lacking. We aimed to estimate the proportion of children with major trauma who accessed a pediatric trauma centre in Canada (through direct transport or transfer) and compare access across provinces.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study of children (aged < 16 yr) who were admitted to hospital after a major trauma (Injury Severity Score > 12) in 9 Canadian provinces (excluding Quebec) from 2016 to 2021. We estimated the adjusted incidence of access to a pediatric trauma centre across provinces using robust Poisson regression and examined the effect of age and injury severity in subgroup analyses.
resultsOf 3007 children with major trauma, 2335 (77.6%) were directly transported (
interpretationAcross 9 Canadian provinces, 1 in 4 children with major trauma did not receive care in a pediatric trauma centre. These results suggest the opportunity for improvement in Canadian trauma systems to ensure that all children receive optimal injury care.
Indexed as
Health Services AccessibilityTrauma CentersWounds and InjuriesAdolescentCanadaChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInjury Severity ScoreMalePatient TransferRetrospective Studies
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