Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41397468›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2026

Clinical Pilot Study of Ionizing Radiation Acoustic Imaging for Real-Time Visualization of Radiation Therapy Dose Delivery in Cancer Patients.

Kyle C Cuneo, Wei Zhang, Dale Litzenberg, Yaocai Huang, Scott Hadley, Ibrahim Oraiqat, Kai-Wei Chang, Glebys Gonzalez, Sarah Dykstra, Man Zhang and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Ionizing radiation acoustic beam localization: one step towards "proton surgery".medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Kyle C CuneoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Wei ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: zhawei@umich.edu.
Dale LitzenbergDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Yaocai HuangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Scott HadleyDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Ibrahim OraiqatDepartment of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida; Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
Kai-Wei ChangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Glebys GonzalezDepartment of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
Sarah DykstraDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Man ZhangDepartment of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Eduardo G MorosDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
Paul L CarsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Issam El NaqaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida; Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. Electronic address: issam.elnaqa@moffitt.org.
Xueding WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: xdwang@umich.edu.

Funding

XenograftP30CA046592 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Alexey I Nesvizhskii · 1988 to 2026
$178.2M
Combined radiation acoustics and ultrasound imaging for real-time guidance in radiotherapyR37CA222215 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI EL NAQA, ISSAM M. · 2018 to 2024
$3.5M
An Ionizing Radiation Acoustics Imaging (iRAI) Approach for guided Flash RadiotherapyR01CA266803 · NCI · H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CTR & RES INST · PI BORTFELD, THOMAS R., EL NAQA, ISSAM M. · 2022 to 2025
$3.3M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046592NCI NIH HHS R01 CA266803NCI NIH HHS R37 CA222215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using ionizing radiation acoustic imaging (iRAI) to map the delivered dose in patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) with various treatment techniques, including 3-dimensional conformal RT, intensity modulated RT, and volumetric modulated arc therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with intra-abdominal cancer were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial after providing informed consent. Patients were treated with stereotactic body RT using standard clinical techniques with the addition of volumetric iRAI for real-time mapping of 3-dimensional radiation dose deposition.

resultsThe minimal detectable dose was approximately 10 cGy. The overall shape of the dose distribution and the location of dose deposition, as determined by iRAI, matched the corresponding treatment plan. A gamma passing rate of 75.97% ± 11.12% and 90.99% ± 6.61% with a 10 mm/10% distance to agreement/dose difference suggests good agreement between the iRAI measurement and the treatment plan in both the liver volume and the planning target volume under the current system resolution. A structural similarity value of 0.6284 ± 0.1678 demonstrates that the iRAI measurements have shown structural pattern agreement with the treatment plan within the planning target volume.

conclusionsThis study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of iRAI to monitor radiation dose delivery to deep targets in real time during treatment. This information can be integrated into treatment delivery systems to improve safety and facilitate the adaptation of RT. Despite the promising results achieved with the current form of technology, limitations in detection sensitivity, reconstruction accuracy, and acoustic coupling still need to be addressed.

Indexed as

Abdominal NeoplasmsAcousticsRadiosurgeryRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedFeasibility StudiesHumansLiverLiver NeoplasmsPilot ProjectsProspective StudiesRadiotherapy, ConformalRadiotherapy DosageRadiotherapy, Intensity-ModulatedRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted

Identifiers

PMID41397468
PMCPMC13373908

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.