Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41397115›Full record

ArticleAging2025

Theobromine is associated with slower epigenetic ageing.

Ramy Saad, Ricardo Costeira, Pamela R Matías-García, Sergio Villicaña, Christian Gieger, Karsten Suhre, Annette Peters, Gabi Kastenmüller, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Cristina Dias and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ramy SaadDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Ricardo CosteiraDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Pamela R Matías-GarcíaResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Sergio VillicañaDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Christian GiegerResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Karsten SuhreDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
Annette PetersInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Gabi KastenmüllerInstitute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Ana Rodriguez-MateosDepartment of Nutrition, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Cristina DiasDepartment of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK.
Cristina MenniDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Melanie WaldenbergerResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Jordana T BellDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Theobromine, a commonly consumed dietary alkaloid derived from cocoa, has been linked to extended lifespan in model organisms and to health benefits in humans. We examined associations between circulating levels of theobromine intake, measured using serum metabolomics, and blood-based epigenetic markers of biological ageing in two European human population-based cohorts. Serum theobromine levels were significantly associated with reduced epigenetic age acceleration, as measured by GrimAge (

Indexed as

AgingEpigenesis, GeneticTheobromineAdultAgedCohort StudiesDNA MethylationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTheobromineDNA methylationepigenetic agingmetabolomicsnutritiontheobromine

Identifiers

PMID41397115
PMCPMC13147728

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.