ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2026
Beyond existing rating scales: development of a novel nomogram for predicting severe clinical bleeding associated with low-molecular-weight heparin in hospitalized medical patients.
Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionLow-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is widely used for thromboprophylaxis and treatment in hospitalized patients; however, LMWH-related severe clinical bleeding (LSCB) remains a major concern. Existing risk scales have been developed for oral anticoagulants and have limited applicability to LMWH, leaving clinicians without reliable bedside tool.
aimThis study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of existing scales for predicting LSCB and develop a tailored nomogram for individualized risk prediction.
methodHospitalized medical patients prescribed LMWH between July 2021 and August 2024 at three tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou, China were retrospectively analyzed. Each LSCB case was matched with three non-LSCB controls from the same department and period. The prevalence of LSCBs, bleeding sites, and clinical characteristics are described. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive performance of existing scales. Variables with p < 0.10 in univariate analysis were entered into logistic regression, a backward stepwise elimination (stay p < 0.05) was applied to identify independent predictors and subsequently incorporated into a nomogram. Discrimination, calibration, and external validation were performed.
resultsAmong 22,096 patients, 369 (1.67%) developed LSCB, most commonly severe gastrointestinal bleeding (74.3%), with a mean onset of 5.68 days. A total of 1,089 patients with non-LSCB were matched as controls. Existing scales performed limited predictive value (AUC 0.52-0.68). Logistic regression identified 12 independent predictors: hypoproteinemia (albumin < 30 g/L), anemia (Hb < 90 g/L), active gastrointestinal ulcer, thrombocytopenia (platelets < 75 × 10⁹/L), coagulation abnormalities (PT or aPTT > 1.2 × ULN), cefoperazone/latamoxef exposure > 7 days, hypocalcemia ([Ca
conclusionThe existing scales for predicting LSCB lack accuracy in hospitalized patients. This newly developed nomogram (LSCB-Score) provides a practical framework for individualized bleeding risk assessment and facilitates safe management of LMWH in hospitals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.