ArticleForensic toxicology2026
Quantitative determination of suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant in human plasma using a MonoTip C18 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Article in Forensic toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeOrexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) are a novel class of medications used in the treatment of insomnia. With increasing restrictions on benzodiazepine prescriptions, a rise in ORA overdose is expected. To enable the prediction of clinical severity and formulation of appropriate treatment strategies, we developed a rapid analytical method for detecting ORAs in plasma samples using a Monolithic solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
methodExtraction was performed using MonoTip C18. All steps from pretreatment to elution were conducted using centrifugation. Quantification was carried out using GC-MS with temperature-programmed analysis by positive ion electron ionization, using suvorexant-d
resultThe calibration curves demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 10-2,000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of at least 0.9999. Reproducibility showed a coefficient of variation (CV) between 0.6% and 6.9%, and recovery rates were over 83%. ORA concentrations in overdose patient samples were successfully quantified using this method.
conclusionMonoTip C18 utilizes a reduced amount of solvent, thereby eliminating the need for evaporation-to-dryness steps. As a result, the entire procedure, encompassing SPE to GC-MS detection, can be completed within 40 min. This single protocol is applicable to all ORAs currently available in Japan and is suitable for both clinical and forensic toxicological applications.
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