Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41396050›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2025

Follow-up and Outcomes of Infants Perinatally-exposed to HIV in a Low-prevalence Setting: The Multicenter Children's HIV Exposure Study 2.

Penelope A Bryant, Adam W Bartlett, Asha Bowen, Ellen Caukill, Tom Connell, Lee Fairhead, Timothy J Ford, Joshua R Francis, Michelle L Giles, Melanie Hilder and 15 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Penelope A BryantInfectious Diseases and Hospital-in-the-Home Departments, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5262-5323
Adam W BartlettDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Asha BowenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3242-1155
Ellen CaukillDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Tom ConnellDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Lee FairheadDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
Timothy J FordDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
Joshua R FrancisGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
Michelle L GilesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Melanie HilderInfection Prevention and Management Department, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Paul GriffinDepartment of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Mater Health, QLD, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Ameneh KhatamiDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Yasser MansourDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Sarah MastertonPaediatric Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Claire McFaulPaediatric Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Brendan McMullanDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Claire MohrDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Mater Hospital Brisbane, QLD, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Charlotte PotterDepartment of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Mater Health, QLD, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Brett RitchieInfectious Diseases Department, Women's and Children's hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Tom SnellingDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
Nan VasilunasInfectious Diseases Department, Women's and Children's hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Tony WallsPaediatric Infectious Diseases, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Pamela PalasanthiranDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1625-4051
Kathryn ShepherdThe Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Clare NourseInfection Prevention and Management Department, Children's Health Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Funding

Medical Research Future Fund Investigator GrantMelbourne Children's Clinician-Scientist FellowshipRoyal Children's Hospital Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the follow-up and outcomes of HIV-exposed infants in a setting of low HIV prevalence. STUDY

designThis was a multicenter, retrospective study of live-born infants of women known to be living with HIV, at 9 tertiary pediatric centers in Australia and New Zealand from 2009-2025. Antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal data, and outcomes at clinic visits to 18 months of age were collected, including co-morbidities, development, and HIV results.

resultsSix hundred sixty-eight infants were born from 657 pregnancies to 530 women living with HIV. Two (0.3%) infants were HIV-infected. Regarding preventative interventions, 612/616 (99.4%) pregnant women received combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, 660/661 (99.8%) infants received ARV prophylaxis, and 543/568 (96%) exclusively formula fed. A total of 94/588 (16%) born <37 weeks, 106/600 (18%) had birth weight <2500 g, and 26/642 (4%) had congenital abnormalities. HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was done for 621/668 (93%) within 2 weeks, 598/664 (90%) at 6 weeks, 582/657 (89%) after 3 months, with a combined total of 643/657 (98%) infants having at least one post 6-week HIV PCR result. At 18-month follow-up, 24/426 (6%) had developmental delay and 47/426 (11%) had at least 1 comorbidity. A total of 577/668 (86%) infants were confirmed as HIV-negative by either negative antibody or 2 negative PCR tests over the age of 6 weeks.

conclusionsThe perinatal transmission rate of 0.3% was extremely low. While the majority of infants were followed up well, the proportion of infants with developmental delay and co-morbidities highlights the need for improved engagement, even in a low-prevalence setting.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalPregnancy Complications, InfectiousAdultAnti-HIV AgentsAustraliaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNew ZealandPregnancyPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesAnti-HIV AgentsHIVHIV-exposed infantmaternalmetropolitanruralvertical transmission

Identifiers

PMID41396050
PMCPMC12724077

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.