Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41395947›Full record

ArticlemSystems2026

Unraveling the disease pyramid: the role of environmental micro-eukaryotes in amphibian resistance to the deadly fungal pathogen

Rayan Bouchali, Hugo Sentenac, Kieran A Bates, Matthew C Fisher, Dirk S Schmeller, Adeline Loyau

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mSystems, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Advancing the study of microbial symbionts of amphibians and reptiles.Frontiers in amphibian and reptile science · 2026
    Article
  3. The fungal pathogenISME communications · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rayan Bouchali *Toulouse INP, CNRS, IRD, CRBE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-4946-547X
Hugo Sentenac *Toulouse INP, CNRS, IRD, CRBE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-6535-1958
Kieran A BatesFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1559-6014
Matthew C FisherDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1862-6402
Dirk S Schmeller *Toulouse INP, CNRS, IRD, CRBE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-3860-9933
Adeline Loyau *Toulouse INP, CNRS, IRD, CRBE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4230-5892

Funding

AXA Research Fund GloMEcBBSRC New Investigator AwardBelmont Forum ANR-15-MASC-0001-P3, DFG-SCHM 3059/6-1, NERC-1633948, NSFC-41661144004, NSF-1633948Biodiversa+ ANR-21-BIRE-0002-01CIFAR fungal kingdom programNatural Environment Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The disease pyramid conceptualizes the predictors of host infection risk, linking the host, the pathogen, environmental conditions, and both host and environmental microbiomes. However, the importance of the interaction between environmental and host-associated microbiomes in shaping infectious disease dynamics remains poorly understood. While the majority of studies have focused on bacteria, the role of micro-eukaryotes has been seldom investigated. Here, we explore three axes of the disease pyramid using an 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach to analyze the micro-eukaryotic assemblages of biofilm, water, and skin samples from three European amphibian species. Skin bacterial communities of the investigated amphibian populations have already been shown to be impacted by the presence of the lethal fungal pathogen

Indexed as

AmphibiansBatrachochytriumDisease ResistanceMicrobiotaMycosesAnimalsBiofilmsChytridiomycotaLakesLarvaRNA, Ribosomal, 18SSkinRNA, Ribosomal, 18S18S rRNA geneamphibian immunityBayesian modelschytrid fungusdisease ecologydisease pyramidhigh mountain lakesmicrobial ecology

Identifiers

PMID41395947
PMCPMC12817952

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.