ReviewSmall science2025
Graphene-Based Liquid Cell Designs for In Situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy: Recent Developments and Perspectives.
Review in Small science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanosphere Self-Assembly Imaging Systems and Defect Detection Algorithms for Self-Assembled Structures: A Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Graphene-Based Liquid Cell Designs for In Situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy: Recent Developments and Perspectives.Small science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent advances in liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have enabled the direct visualization of reaction pathways of nanomaterials, providing critical insights into diverse nanoscale processes such as crystallization, phase transition, shape transformation, etching, and nanoparticle motions. Among various liquid cells, graphene liquid cells (GLCs) are particularly advantageous due to the intrinsic properties of graphene-high electrical and thermal conductivity, exceptional mechanical flexibility, and radical scavenging effects-which allow atomic-scale spatial resolution and enhanced imaging stability. This review article highlights the recent progress in GLC-based liquid-phase TEM, focusing on the evolution of structural designs, including veil-type, well-type, liquid-flowing-type, and mixing-type GLCs. Each configuration offers unique advantages tailored to observing distinct types of nanoscale dynamic processes. These studies have elucidated both classical reaction pathways and complex, nonclassical mechanisms involving transient intermediates. Overall, this review highlights how developments in GLC designs have significantly advanced the capabilities of in situ liquid-phase TEM, providing unprecedented opportunities to study nanoscale processes at atomic resolution.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.