Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41395507›Full record

ArticleSmall science2025

Biogenic Design of the Flexible, Resilient, and Hard Mineral Protector in Door Snails.

Yuri Kurihara, Taro Yoshimura, Ilian Häggmark, Rei Ueshima, Motoaki Hayama, Takuto Kishimoto, Nozomi Ono, Taige Hao, David Kisailus, Hidetoshi Takahashi and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yuri KuriharaSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2883-9213
Taro YoshimuraSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-8994
Ilian HäggmarkDepartment of Applied Physics KTH Royal Institute of Technology 114 28 Stockholm Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-1441
Rei UeshimaGraduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.
Motoaki HayamaSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.
Takuto KishimotoSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.
Nozomi OnoSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.
Taige HaoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Irvine California 92697 USA.
David KisailusDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Irvine California 92697 USA.
Hidetoshi TakahashiSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.
Hiroyuki FujimotoShimadzu Corporation Kyoto 604-8511 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-7147
Kentaro UesugiJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8) Hyogo Japan Hyogo 679-5198 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-513X
Masato HoshinoJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8) Hyogo Japan Hyogo 679-5198 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-2706
Yuya OakiSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-9237
Takenori SasakiThe University Museum The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.
Hiroaki ImaiSchool of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-9514

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Organism design incorporates diverse materials with varying properties, such as hard skeletons of biogenic minerals and soft organic skins. However, achieving a balance of flexibility, resilience, and hardness remains a challenge even for organisms. Door snails have a calcareous door (clausilium) that covers the aperture. The clausilium combines hardness for defense and flexibility for opening and closing. Here, this work focuses on the biogenic design of a clausilium stalk as a unique architecture balancing several properties. This study investigates the stalk, a twisted ribbon with high flexibility and resilience, which is identified as a synapomorphic structure in 22 Clausiliidae species across seven subfamilies and 17 tribes. Internal observations reveal a double-layered structure: a hard, dense envelope with aragonite rods arranged in the

Indexed as

biomimetic materialshierarchical architecturesmollusk shellssnail evolutionstructure–function relationships

Identifiers

PMID41395507
PMCPMC12697901

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.