ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Double-stranded RNA antiviral signature in early multiple sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are strongly implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, yet reliable biomarkers of active viral replication remain limited. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) represents a hallmark of viral replication and may serve as a measurable indicator of viral infection. Methods: We developed a sandwich ELISA to quantify dsRNA levels in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 70 treatment-naïve MS patients at first clinical onset and in plasma from 26 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. We additionally assessed plasma and CSF antiviral cytokine concentrations and designed an indirect ELISA to measure anti-dsRNA antibody levels using poly(I:C) as the target antigen. Results: Plasma dsRNA levels were significantly elevated in MS patients compared to controls and positively correlated with antiviral cytokines, including GM-CSF, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2/3, IFN-γ, IFN-α2, and IL-12p70. CSF samples exhibited increased IP-10 and IL-8 levels, and the single patient with detectable CSF dsRNA showed among the highest concentrations of both cytokines. A subset of ten patients (14%) with serological evidence of atypical EBV reactivation (EBNA1 IgG Discussion: Our findings identify increased plasma viral dsRNA coupled with reduced anti-dsRNA IgM antibody levels as potential biomarkers for a subpopulation of early MS patients and indicate a dysregulated anti-viral immune response.
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