ArticleJCPP advances2025
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other neurodevelopmental traits are associated with impact on functioning among children in the general population.
Article in JCPP advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shining a spotlight on females in ADHD science.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other neurodevelopmental traits are associated with impact on functioning among children in the general population.JCPP advances · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly defined as a categorical diagnosis requiring clinically severe symptoms and impact on functioning. However, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental traits are also distributed continuously in the general population, where their impact on functioning is less clear. This study aimed to examine the association between ADHD impact and (a) ADHD traits, (b) co-occurring neurodevelopmental traits (autistic traits, reading ability, IQ, and pragmatic communication), and (c) genetic risk for ADHD. We also examined sex differences in these associations. Methods: We identified 12,439 children with parent or teacher reports of ADHD at ages 8 and 11 in a UK birth cohort. We examined ADHD impact (i.e., in school, home, friendships, leisure activities, and distress) as an outcome of ADHD traits and other neurodevelopmental traits at each timepoint for each informant. Polygenic scores for ADHD were derived for each child and used to predict ADHD impact. Analyses controlled for child's age at completion of ADHD measures. We also stratified analyses by sex and tested for interactions with sex. Results: ADHD traits were associated with ADHD impact across informants, ages, and sex ( Conclusions: ADHD and other neurodevelopmental traits were associated with ADHD impact in children from the general population. This reinforces the importance of inclusive environments for neurodivergent people. Clinicians and educators should consider the presence of impact and multiple neurodevelopmental difficulties when making decisions about support for all children.
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